Pumping mechanism



' 1948 I. E. DEARSLEY v PUMPING MECHANISM.

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Patented Apr. 20, 1948 UNITED S v FF 1 CE 2,439,796 PUMPING MECHANISM Irwin E. Dearsle'y, Racine; Wis, assignor to Walker Manufacturing com any of Wisconsin-,- Racinc, Wis.-,- a cofiporation of Wisconsin- ApplicationApril 6', 1944; Serial No: 529,776

(Cl. IDS- 4f) 5 Giai'ms.

The present invention relates to pump mechanisms well suited for, but not limited to, use with or as a part of hydraulic jack assemblies;

The principal objects of the present invention are to provide a pump mechanism comprising a plurality of pumping elements and" operating means therefor, particularly characterized as embodying improved means for rendering the individual elements effective and ineffective at" will; to provide such structures wherein the" 1' selection between the individual pump elements is accomplished by controlling the fluid circuits which are individual thereto; and to generally improve and simplify the construction and arrangement of pump mechanisms.

With the above as well as other objects in view, which appear in the following description and in the appended claims, a preferred but illustrative embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, throughout the several views of which corresponding referencecharacters are used to designate corresponding parts and in which:

Figure 1 is a view in sideelevation, partlyin' section, of afioor jack embodying the invention;

' Fig. 2 is a plan view of the pump structure em-- ployed in the structure of Fig. 1', taken alongv the liner-2 of Fig. 4; I

Fig. 3 is a view in side elevation; partly in section, taken along the" line 3-3 of 2;

Fig. 4 is a View in vertical transverse section, taken along the line 44 of Fig. 2';

Fig; 5 is a fragmentary view in longitudinal section, taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 4';

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view in longitudinal section, taken along the line. 6-6 of Fig. 4;; and

Fig. 7 is a reduced fragmentary plan view, taken along the line 1-1 of Fig. 4.

It will be appreciated from a complete understanding of the present invention that the? improvements thereof may be embodied in various different forms and may be utilized for various different urposes. A preferred application of the invention is in connection with multiple pump units for hydraulic jacks and in an illustrative, but not in a limiting sense, the invention is so disclosed herein.

Referring first to Fig. 1 the illustrated floor jack is one whichv embodies the invention disclos'ed' and claimed in the copending application of Raymond F. Manke, Serial No. 502,780, filed October 17, 1943. For the purposes of the presentdescription; it is suiilcient to note thatthis floor jack comprises a longitudinally extending; rel'a tively low frame structure It; provided with front and rear wheel assemblies 12 and' I4, and also" provided with a load engaging lifting cap to. The frame Iii accommodates a hydraulic ram' and." pump unit l8, which is pivotally supported relative to the frame by means of trunnions to, which project laterally from the rear end of the'unit i8, and are rotatably received in bearings 22' (Fig. 2) provided therefor in the frame structure. The ram piston rod 24, which projects from the front end of the unit it; carries' a head 26', which is coupled to the lifting cap it through a linkage which includes the levers 28" and it. For the purpose of the pres ent description, it is sufiicient to note that aprojecting or rightward movement of the piston rod it causes the" cap is to be elevated in a sub stantially' linear vertical path. A retracting or leftward movement of the piston rod 24 enablesa' returnof the cap it to the illustrated position. As will be understood, such retracting movement may be influenced by the load, as Well as bya return spring 32, which is connected'between the head 26' and the unit l8.

Referring now partieuiarlyto Figs. 2 through 7', the ram and pump unit i8 comprises a multi'pl'e' pumpunit 49'; and a combined ram and reservoir unit 42. Unit 42, which may be conv'entional, comprises an outer, generally cylind'ric'al' member M and an inner cylindrical mem her 4 6 The inner member 46 slidably receivesa piston t8, which is secured to the previously mentioned piston rod 24 and is threaded into a counterbore" provided in the right-hand end surfaee' ofthe pump unit G0". The annular space between members- M and" it constitutes a reservoir for the operating fluid, preferably oil. It willbe understood that a cap 50 (Fig. 1) forms a closure for the right=hand end of the reservoir and that such cap is apertured to accommodate the movements of the piston rod 24. The lefthandend ofthe outer member as is firmly seated upon an annular shoulder 52, provided in the corresponding end of the pump unit it, all in accordance with conventionalpractice. In furthe!" accordance with conventional practice, oil' may be introduced to; the reservoir through a passage 55, one end of which opens directly into the reservoir space, and the other end of which may be closed bya plug 56;

In accordance with the broader aspects of the present invention, the multiple pump unit ilim'ay' be arranged to accommodate any desired number'of' pumps, twobeing shown by way of illustration. The hereinafter described selecting mechanism is arranged toselect either or both of the just-mentioned pumps, thereby affording three different operating conditions.

More particularly, the pump unit 40 is illustrated as comprising a unitary body, preferably a casting, which is provided with two laterally spaced, generally horizontally extending pump cylinders 60 and 62. The smaller cylinder 60 slidably receives a cylindrical piston 64, which is provided at its inner end with a usual packing element 66. The left-hand end of the piston 84 projects outwardly of the ump body and is provided with a head 68 to which a pair of handle operated links I are pivotally connected. A packing gland I2 and packing nut I4 serve to Prevent leakage along the piston 64. The larger cylinder 62 slidably receives a cylinder piston I6, which is provided with packing elements 18 and 80. The outwardly projecting end of piston I6 is bifurcated and is pivotally connected to a handle operated link 82. Referring again to Fig. 1, the links I0 and 82 are conventionally connected to a usual ratchet type handle 84, reciprocating movements whereof serve to correspondingly and simultaneously reciprocate the pistons 64 and I6.

The smaller or power pump cylinder 60 communicates with the reservoir 45 through a short, longitudinally extending passage 90, the vertically extending passage 92, a horizontally extending passage 94, and either of the two parallel longitudinally extending passages 96 and 98, it being noted that the latter passages 96 and 88 are provided with conventional strainers I00. The just-mentioned cylinder 60 also communicates through passages 90 and 92 and a longitudinally extending passage I02, with the interior of the ram cylinder 46. The vertical passage 92, the upper end whereof is closed with a removable plug I04, is provided with an upper conical valve seat I06 and a lower conical valve seat I08. Seats I06 and I08, respectively, accommodate usual ball valves H0 and H2, which are also provided with a usual spacer I I4.

As thus far described, it will be appreciated that a leftward or intake movement of piston 64 is effective to draw fluid from the reservoir 45 through either or both of the parallel connected passages 96 and 98, past the ball H2, and through passage 90 into cylinder 60. During such movement, ball H0 remains seated. During a discharge or rightward movement of piston 64, on the other hand, (except as modified by the hereinafter described adjusting elements) fluid is discharged from cylinder 60 through passages 90 and 92, past ball valve H0, and through passage I02 into the ram cylinder 46. During this discharge stroke of the piston 64, ball valve II2 remains seated under the influence of the pressure existing in passage 90 and in that part of passage 92, which is above valve II2.

Similarly, the larger or speed pump cylinder 62 communicates with the reservoir 45 through a longitudinally extending passage I20, a vertical passage I22, the previously mentioned horizontal passage 94, and either or both of the previously mentioned longitudinally extending passages 96 and 98, both of which open into the laterallpassage 94. The cylinder 62 communicates with the ram cylinder 46, through passages I20 and I22; and through a communicating longitudinal passage I24. As in the case of the vertical passage 92, passage I22 is provided with a closure plug I26 and conventional inlet and discharge ball valves I28 and I30. These valves are provided with a usual spacer I32. Y

-Duringan intake stroke of piston 16, fluid is drawn from reservoir 45 through either or both of passages 98 and 98, through passages 94, I22 and I20 into cylinder 62. During this movement. ball valve I28 is conventionally lifted from its seat by the differential pressure acting upon it and ball valve I30 remains seated. During a discharge or rightward stroke of piston I6 (except as modified by the hereinafter described adjusting mechanism), fluid is discharged from cylinder 62 through passages I20 and I22, past ball valve I30 and through passage I24 into the ram cylinder 46. During such discharge stroke. valve I28 remains seated, as in the case of valve I I2.

As thus far described, each stroke of the handle draws fluid into and discharges it from both of the speed and power pumps, thereby advancing the ram piston 48 at a. rate determined by the combined displacements of the two pumps.

Coming now to the selective or adjusting mechanism of the present invention, the inlet ball valves H2 and I28 are provided with similar but oppositely positioned lifters I50, which are loosely received in the lower ends of the corresponding vertical passages 92 and I22. Each lifter I50 is of bifurcated form, having downwardly extending spaced legs I52 and I54, which are joined together at their upper ends by a. connecting portion I56, having a rounded upper surface. The lower surface of the connecting portion I56 is provided with an angled portion I58 and a generally horizontal surface I60.

The lifters I50 continuously straddle a shuttle I62, having elevated end surfaces I64, which are connected to the depressed central surface portion I66 by angled cam surfaces I68.

The shuttle I62 is disposed to occupy any one of three positions, consisting of (1) the righthand position shown in Fig. 4, in which the lefthand elevated surface I64 thereof is engaged beneath the surface I60 of the left-hand lifter I50, thereby enabling the latter to maintain the ball valve H2 in elevated position above its seat; and in which the right-hand elevated surface I64 of the shuttle is displaced from the right-hand lifter I50, enabling it to occupy its lowermost position in which it does not interfere with the normal operation of the ball valve I28; (2) a lefthand limit position in which the left-hand elevated surface I64 of the shuttle is displaced from the left-hand lifter I50, enabling it to assume its lowermost position in which it does not interfere with normal actions of the ball valve II 2, but in which the right-hand elevated surface I64 maintains the right-hand lifter in elevated position in which it maintains ball valve I28 off of its seat; and (3) a central position in which both lifters are enabled to occupy their lowermost positions, between the elevated shuttle surfaces I64 and, consequently, do not interfere with normal movements of either of therball valves H2 and I28.

In the broader aspects of the invention, various means may be utilized to actuate the shuttle between the above-identified different operating positions. In the illustrated instance, manual means are provided for this purpose. More particularly, the central portion III) of the shuttle I62 is enlarged to provide a bearing opening which receives a crank pin I provided at the lower end of. a post I82, which is rotatably received in a vertical bore I84 provided in the pump body. In view of the fact that the lower end of post I82 projects into the fluid passage 94, which receives the shuttle I62, suitable packing I86 is provided for the upper end of post I82.

The upper end of post I02 is provided with an operating handle I88, which as shown projects above the cover plate I90,- associated with the frame structure: of the jack (Figs. l 4- and 7). Connecting means similar to that described below in connection with element 248' may, of course, be provided to enable operation of handle I88 from other positions, for example, at the handle 8 Means are preferably provided to releasably latchthe handle I88- in each of its operating positions.- To accomplish this, the handle I 88 is tubular in form and: is slidably fitted overlthe upper end of the post I82. A locking pin I92 is passed: through the handle I88 and is provided with a downwardly turned end portion I94, which is-adapted' to cooperate with locking recesses E96 provided in the previously mentioned plugs I04 and I26, and in a supplemental plug 200. The pin I92 rides: in slots 202 provided in the walls of the'counterbored portion 204 at the upper end of the post I82. A spring'ZIIB seated between a stud 208 and the pin I92 serves to continuously urge the handle I88 downwardly; The stud 208 is threaded intothe upper endof the post I82,

It will-be noticed that rotative movements of the post I 82 cause bothlengthwise and lateral movements of the shuttle I62 and of the lifters- I50; The passage 94, the right-hand end whereof is conventionally closed by the plug 05, and the lower ends of the vertical passages 92 and I22 are large enough to accommodate these lateral and longitudinal movements. It will be noticed, too, that in being moved from its illustrated right-hand position to its left-hand position, the shuttle first: enables the left-hand lifter I50 to move to its lowermost position: during which the cooperating angled surfaces I50 and H58 engage each other. Thereafter, the righthand angled surface I68 engages the angled surface I58 of; the right-hand lifter and earns it to its uppermost position, in which the cooperating surfaces I60 and I64 engage: each other. A reverse operation, of course, takes place during the course of rightward movements of the shuttle; I62 from its left-hand position to its right-hand position. Upon release of the lifting force of their associated lifters I50, the ball valves H2 and I28 and their associated spaces H4 and I32 resume their lower positions under the influence of gravity.

In accordance with usual practice, the illustrated power pump is provided with a spring loaded by-pass valve assembly. The assembly comprises a ball 220 which is held on the seat 234 by an adjustable compression spring 226, the tension whereof may be adjusted by plug 230. The seat includes a passage which communicates through a plugged passage 232 with the previously mentioned vertical passage 92. The bore 228 communicates directly with the reservoir 45 through the passage 222. With this arrangement, it 'will be appreciated that so long as the pressure developed in the passage 92 by the power pump 64 is below a predetermined valve setting, valve 220 remains closed. If such pressure exceeds the value for which this valve is set, valve 220 is lifted from its seat, enabling the fluid discharged from the power pump to be by-passed to the reservoir.

In further accordance with conventional practice, the present assembly is provided with a release valve 240 (Fig. 5) the shank 242 whereof is threaded into a threaded passage 2 provided therefor in the pump body. The outwardly procoupled as through a universal joint 246 to-a rotatable operating rod 248, which may extend along thehandle 84 for convenient access by the operator. Valve 240, when closed, closes 01f a passage 250, which communicates with the previously mentioned vertical passage I22. When opened, valve 240 connects passage 250 with reservoir return passages252 and 253' and enables the fluid in the ram cylinder 45 to be returned to the reservoir through passages I 24, I22, 250, 25-2, and253.

Considering the operation of the system as a Whole, the parts are illustrated, as aforesaid, in a position in which the left-hand lifter maintains the asociated ball valve H2 in its elevated position. In this position of the shuttle, ball valve I28 is free to act normally. The system is, consequently, adjusted so that the smaller or power pump isineiiective and the larger or speed pumpis efiecti-ve. This adjustment corresponds to-an intermediate load capacity, for a given handle effort, and to an intermediate rate of lifting movement. Such adjustmentmay conveni'entlybe' indicated on the cover plate I90, in the region of the handle I88 (Fig. '7).

Assuming now that the jack handle 84 is reciprocated, successive equal intake and discharge strokes of the pump pistons 64 and I6 result. During eachsuch intake stroke, oil is withdrawn from the reservoir 45, through passages 96, 98, 94, 9-2and90, into the power pump cylinder 60 and through passages 96, 98, 94', I22 and I-20 into thespeed pump cylinder 62. During such oil flow, ball valve H2 is held in the elevated position by it's lifter I50 and ball valve I 28 is lifted off its seat by the differential pressure acting upon it.

During the following discharge stroke, the pressure in passage I2 and in that part of passage I22, which is above ball valve I28, causes this valve-t0 seat, closing off the inflow circuit. The pressure in the just-mentioned passages, consequently, unseats valve I30 and causes a flow through passage I24 into the ram cylinder 46. This flow develops a pressure therein which initiates the rightward movement of the ram piston 48, thereby initiating the elevating movement of the jack;

The discharge stroke of the power pump piston 64 tends to build up a pressure in passage H4, tending to unseat valve H0; This pressure is, however, veryslight', since a virtually unrestricted flow back to the reservoir through passages 92, 94, 96 and 00 is permitted. This flow takes place past the mechanically restrained open ball valve H2.

So long, therefore, as the present adjustment is retained, successive strokes of the handle 84 draw fluid into the speed pump and discharge such fluid into the ram cylinder, continuing the elevating movement at a rate determined by the displacement of the speed pump. Such strokes also serve to draw fluid into the power pump and return such fluid directly to the reservoir. Since the circuit associated with the inactive pump (in this case the power pump) allows a substantially unrestricted flow, it will be appreciated that only a negligible amount of handle efiort is involved in circulating the fluid to and from the inactive pump.

The just-mentioned setting of the pump mechanism is particularly suited for lifting loads of intermediate magnitude. For lifting heavier loads, the minimum-speed but maximum-loadcapacity setting may be used. To do this, the handle I88 may be lifted so as to release the lockjecting end of the shank 242. is conventionally (5 ing pin I92, after which the handle may be rotated to its opposite position in which the shuttle I62 and the right-hand lifter co-operate to maintain ball valve I28 off of its seat and to permit normal operation of ball valve II2. It is believed obvious that under these conditions, successive handle strokes serve only to draw fluid from the reservoir into the speed pump and to thereafter return such fluid to the reservoir. Such handle strokes, however, serve to alternately draw fluid from the reservoir into the power pump and to thereafter discharge such fluid into the ram cylinder. smaller displacement of the power pump, each such stroke produces a smaller amount of lifting movement, but, for a given handle efiort, produces a greater lifting force.

Under conditions when the jack is either unloaded or relatively lightly loaded, a maximum lifting speed is preferable. To accomplish this, the handle I88 is turned, as before, to its intermediate position, in which the shuttle I62 enables both lifters I50 to drop to their inactive positions. Under these conditions, both the speed and power pumps are active and the lifting rate is determined by the combined displacements of the two pumps.

Although only a single specific embodiment of the invention has been described in detail, it will be appreciated that various modifications in the form, number and arrangement of parts may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a pumping system for transferring fluid from a first space to a second space, a plurality of pump units, operating means common to said units, passage means through which fluid is drawn from said first space by said units, said passage means including a portion common to said units and portions individual thereto, valve means in each said individual portion and normally operative to prevent a reverse flow therethrough, and control means common to said valve means for controlling the efiectiveness thereof, said control means being movably positioned in said common passage portion.

2. In a pumping system for transferring fluid from a first space to a second space, a plurality of pump units, operating means for said units, passage means through which fluid is drawn from said first space by said units, said passage means By virtue of the including a portion common to said units and portions individual thereto, valve means in each said individual portion and normally operative to prevent a reverse flow therethrough, and control means common to said valve means for controlling the effectiveness thereof, said control means being movably positioned in said common passage portion.

3. The structure of claim 2 wherein said control means includes a longitudinally movable member having spaced cam surf-aces respectively cooperable with said valves.

4. The structure of claim 2 wherein said control means includes a longitudinally movable member having spaced cam surfaces respectively cooperable with said valves, said control means having an intermediate position in which it is out of cooperative relation to said valves and having terminal positions at either side of said intermediate position in each of which it is effective to open a corresponding one of said valves.

5. The structure of claim 2 including a manually operable device for moving said control means so as to selectively open either one of said valves and so as to be out of cooperative relation to said valves.

IRWIN E. DEARSLEY.

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Shumake Jan. 5, 1937 

